Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder: Understanding the Waves of Fear
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. These attacks are sudden surges of intense fear or discomfort that come on quickly and reach their peak within minutes. While panic attacks themselves are frightening, panic disorder is distinguished by persistent worry about future attacks and significant changes people make in their lives to avoid them.
Here’s a breakdown of key aspects of panic disorder:
Symptoms of Panic Attacks:
- Sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort
- Feeling of impending doom or danger
- Sense of losing control or going crazy
- Rapid, pounding heart rate
- Sweating
- Shortness of breath or feeling of smothering
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Chills or sensations of heat
- Shaking or trembling
- Feeling dizzy, lightheaded, or faint
- Numbness or tingling sensations
- Fear of dying
Diagnostic Criteria:
For a diagnosis of panic disorder, a person must experience recurrent (unexpected) panic attacks followed by at least one month of persistent worry about having another attack or the consequences of the attacks (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack).
Causes:
The exact cause of panic disorder is unknown, but a combination of factors is likely involved, including:
- Genetics: A family history of anxiety disorder increases the risk.
- Brain chemistry: Imbalances in certain brain chemicals, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, may play a role.
- Life stress: Significant life stressors can trigger the onset of panic disorder.
- Temperament: People with certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, may be more prone to anxiety disorder.
Consequences:
Panic disorder can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. People with panic disorder may:
- Avoid places or situations where they've had panic attacks in the past (agoraphobia)
- Limit their activities and social interactions
- Struggle with work or school performance
- Experience depression or other mental health conditions
- Abuse alcohol or drugs to cope
Treatment:
Fortunately, panic disorder is highly treatable. The two main treatment approaches are:
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective form of therapy for panic disorder. CBT helps identify and change negative thought patterns that contribute to anxiety and panic attacks.
- Medication: Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications can be helpful in reducing the frequency and intensity of panic attacks.
For more information or to schedule a TOVA test, please contact our clinic today.
